一、Ukuthuthukiswa kweUkubumba Okujikelezayo
Emazweni angaphandle, ukubumba okujikelezayo kube enye yezinqubo zokubumba zepulasitiki ezisetshenziswa kakhulu. Ngawo-1940s, ukunamathisela kwe-PVC kwakusetshenziselwa ukukhiqiza amathoyizi afana namabhola epulasitiki ngokusebenzisa ukubumba okujikelezayo. Ngawo-1950, inqubo yokubumba ejikelezayo ye-polyethylene isebenzisa i-polyethylene powder resin esezingeni eliphansi njengento eluhlaza yathuthukiswa ukukhiqiza imikhiqizo yezimboni efana namathangi okugcina i-polyethylene namapayipi amakhulu, okwakhuthaza kakhulu ukuthuthukiswa kwenqubo yokubumba ejikelezayo. Kusukela lapho, inayiloni, i-polycarbonate, i-ABS namanye amapulasitiki nawo abunjwe inqubo yokubumba ejikelezayo. Ngasekuqaleni kwawo-1970, ukubumba okujikelezayo kwase kuyindlela enkulu yokubumba ipulasitiki.
Ngo-1971, kwakukhona izinkampani ezingaphezu kuka-50 ezihlanganyela ekukhiqizeni imikhiqizo yokubumba ejikelezayo e-UK, kanye nabakhiqizi abangaba ngu-70 be-rotational molding thermoplastics; Kunezinkampani ezingaphezu kuka-20 ezibambe iqhaza ekusetshenzisweni kokubumba okujikelezayo ezwenikazi laseYurophu, okuhlanganisa izinkampani ezivela eJalimane, eFrance, eSwitzerland, eNorway, e-Austria, eDenmark nakwamanye amazwe.
Ekuqaleni kwawo-1970, i-UK yakwazi ukunikeza umshini wokubumba umqulu okwazi ukukhiqiza iziqukathi ezinomthamo we-18000L; I-Netherlands ikhiqize ithangi elikhulu le-cylindrical elinobubanzi obungu-2.1m nobude obungu-4.8m. Ithangi lingu-540kg kanti ukujiya kodonga kungu-25mm. Ngo-1970, inani eliphelele lemikhiqizo yokubumba ejikelezayo eYurophu lafinyelela ngaphezu kwe-15000t, kuhlanganise ne-7000t eBrithani.
Ngo-1970, amayunithi angaphezu kuka-500 e-United States ahlanganyela ekukhiqizeni imikhiqizo yokubumba ejikelezayo. Babengaphezu kuka-500imishini yokubumba ejikelezayo, futhi umthamo weziqukathi zokubumba ezijikelezayo wawudlule u-10000 L (amalitha angu-2400); Izingxenye zepulasitiki eziphezulu ezikhiqizwa umshini wokubumba ama-roll yi-4.6× amaphuzu amane esithupha× 2.1m.
Ngawo-1960, ukuthuthukiswa okusheshayo kobuchwepheshe bokubumba obujikelezayo kwakuhlobene eduze nokuthuthukiswa kwezakhiwo ze-resin kanye nemishini yokubumba ejikelezayo. Ngalesi sikhathi, amapulasitiki amaningi akhethekile okubumba okujikelezayo athuthukiswa, njenge-PE P-320, i-Raychem Flamolin 771 kanye nezinye izinsalela ze-polyethylene ezakhiwe yi-United Carburization Company. I-FE P-320 iwuhlobo lwe-polyethylene ene-low-density, enokusebenza okuhle kokubunjwa kokugeleza kwe-polyethylene resin enezinga eliphansi kanye nokuqina komthelela okushisa ophansi, ukumelana namakhemikhali kanye nokumelana nokuqhekeka kokucindezeleka kwe-polyethylene resin ephezulu; I-Raychems F1amo1in 711 iyi-resin ye-polyethylene exhunywe ngokuphambana yokubumba okujikelezayo. Ngaphezu kokuthi ixhumene, iphinde ibe nempahla yokuzicisha ngokwayo. I-roll edumile yokubumba i-polyethylene resin Marlex Cl-100 yasePhilips nayo yathuthukiswa ngalesi sikhathi.
Ukuze kuhlangatshezwane nezidingo zokulungiselela ezinkuluimikhiqizo yokubumba ejikelezayo, imishini eminingi ekwazi ukwenza imikhiqizo emikhulu yokubumba ejikelezayo yathuthukiswa ngasekupheleni kwawo-1960, engasebenzisa ngokuphumelelayo indawo yaphansi namandla okushisa. Ngo-1970, ngaphezu kwengxenye yemishini yokubumba i-roll ethengiswa emakethe yayinobubanzi obuyi-rotary obungaphezu kuka-1.75m. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izinga lokulawula lomshini nalo lithuthukisiwe libe ngamazinga ahlukahlukene. Isibonelo, umshini wokubumba ojikelezayo wezingalo ezintathu uMcNeil Auronismodel 3000-200 ungalawula imijikelezo yokushisisa neyokupholisa yengalo ngayinye ngokuhlukana, ukuze imikhiqizo yosayizi abahlukene nezinto ezisetshenziswayo ikwazi ukubunjwa ngesikhathi esisodwa. Ububanzi bayo obujikelezayo bufika ku-5m, futhi isisindo esiphelele sesikhunta ne-resin ingalo ngayinye engakwazi ukuyithwala singaba ngu-13500N; Umshini wokubumba wohlobo lwejakhethi onomphumela omuhle wokudlulisa ukushisa nendawo encane yaphansi nayo yaklanywa futhi yakhiqizwa ngalesi sikhathi.
Ukuthuthukiswa nocwaningo lokubumba okujikelezayo e-China nakho kungalandelelwa emuva kuma-1960s. Ngasekupheleni kwawo-1960, imboni yamathoyizi yase-Shanghai yayisiqalile ukusebenzisa indlela yokubumba ejikelezayo ukuze ikhiqize ama-pellets e-PVC athambile minyaka yonke; Isitshalo sesithathu seShangsu Plastics sikhiqize ngempumelelo iziqukathi ze-polyethylene ezingu-200L nezingu-1500L; Maphakathi nawo-1970, iBeijing FRP Research Institute yathuthukisa ngempumelelo isiqukathi senayiloni sepulasitiki esijikelezayo futhi sasisebenzisa ezicishamlilo zehlathi neminye imikhiqizo. Kodwa-ke, ukukhiqizwa kwangempela kwezimboni ezinkulu kweza ngemuva kokwethulwa kwe-Advancedukubumba okujikelezayoimishini kanye nobuchwepheshe obuvela phesheya maphakathi kanye ngasekupheleni kwawo-1980. Njengamanje, isikwazile ukulungisa imikhiqizo emikhulu yepulasitiki efana namathangi okugcina amakhemikhali anomthamo wesitsha esingaphezu kuka-20000L kanye nepulasitiki ephakeme wonke ama-yachts epulasitiki.
二, Ukusetshenziswa Kokubumba Okujikelezayo
Ngokuthuthukiswa kobuchwepheshe bokubumba obujikelezayo, ububanzi besicelo semikhiqizo yokubumba ejikelezayo iye yandiswa ngokuqhubekayo. Kuze kube manje, ukusetshenziswa kwemikhiqizo yokubumba ejikelezayo kubanzi kakhulu. Ezinye izicelo zabameleli zingaboniswa ngale ndlela elandelayo.
1. Izingxenye zepulasitiki ezijikelezayo zeziqukathi
Lolu hlobo lwemikhiqizo yepulasitiki lusetshenziswa kakhulu kumathangi okugcina amanzi, amathangi amakhemikhali ahlukahlukene awuketshezi (njenge-asidi, i-alkali, usawoti, umanyolo wamakhemikhali, isibulala-zinambuzane, njll.), iziqukathi zikaphethiloli (amathangi kaphethiloli namathangi kaphethiloli ezimoto nezindiza), amagobolondo ebhethri, njll.
2. Izingxenye ezijikelezayo zezimoto
Isebenza ikakhulukazi i-polyethylene kanye ne-polyvinyl chloride paste resin, kanye nokubumba ukufakwa kwamapayipi okuhlukahlukene, okufana nendololwane ye-air conditioning, i-backrest, i-handrail, njll.
3.Imishini yezemidlalo nokunye okuhlukile
Kukhona ikakhulukazi izingxenye ezibunjiwe ze-PVC zokunamathisela i-roto, njenge-polo yamanzi, ibhola elintantayo, umcamelo wesihlalo sebhayisikili, isikebhe esincane kanye ne-shock absorber phakathi komkhumbi nedokhi. Umphongolo we-rotogrammed crosslinked polyethylene owenziwe ngesihlahla se-Philips'rotogrammed crosslinked polyethylene "Maricxcl-100" ungaqhudelana nombhobho wensimbi, futhi unokumelana nokugqwala kwamakhemikhali okuhle nezindleko zokuwulungisa eziphansi. I-Rotational palletizing tray yathengiswa e-United States, Japan nakwamanye amazwe ekuqaleni kwawo-1970; Amabhodi okusefa, izikebhe, njll. nazo ziyizingxenye ezibunjwe ngama-roll ezivame ukukhulunywa ngazo ezincwadini.
4. Amathoyizi, amamodeli, imisebenzi yezandla, njll
Ngoba isikhunta esijikelezayo singenziwa ngokusakazwa ngokunemba, i-electroforming nezinye izinqubo; Ubuso bezingxenye ezibunjiwe ezijikelezayo bunomphumela omuhle "wekhophi" esakhiweni esihle sobuso bomgodi wokubumba. Ngakho-ke, indlela yokubumba ejikelezayo ingenza imikhiqizo ibe bucayi kakhulu futhi ibe yinhle. Ngakho-ke, kuvame ukusetshenziselwa ukwenza imikhiqizo enenani elikhulu lokubuka, ikakhulukaziamathoyizi, amamodeli, imisebenzi yezandla, njll.
5. Ngaphezu kwalokhu okungenhla, kukhona nezinhlobonhloboamabhokisi, amagobolondo, amapayipi amakhulu kanye neminye imikhiqizo esetshenziswa kabanziimikhiqizo yokubumba ejikelezayo, njengamabhokisi enzuzo,imigqomo kadoti, amagobolondo emishini, izembozo zokuzivikela, izithunzi zezibani, izindlu zangasese, izindlu zangasese, amagumbi ocingo, izikebhe, njll.
Imikhiqizo yokubumba ejikelezayo isetshenziswe kabanzi ekugcinweni nasekuthuthweni kwamakhemikhali awuketshezi, amabhizinisi amakhemikhali, ukumboza izimboni,amathangi okugezakanye namathangi okusabela ekulungiseleleni umhlaba ongavamile, kanye nomfula kanyeama-sea buoys, ekhayaamathangi amanzinezinye izinkambu.
Isikhathi sokuthumela: Nov-15-2022